Publication DetailsTitle : Energy-Consumption and Carbon-Emission Analysis of Vehicle and Component Manufacturing Publication Date : September 1, 2010 Authors : J. Sullivan, A. Burnham, M. Wang Abstract : A model is presented for calculating the environmental burdens of the part manufacturing and vehicle assembly (VMA) stage of the vehicle life cycle. The approach is bottom-up, with a special focus on energy consumption and CO2
emissions. The model is applied to both conventional and advanced vehicles, the latter of which include aluminum-intensive, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric and all-electric vehicles.
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